THE THEORY OF THE VENETI IN SLOVENIA

By Antonia Bernard
CENTRE D'ETUDES SLAVE, PARIS

Footnotes

  1. Jozko Šavli, Matej Bor, Ivan Tomazic, Unsere Vorfahren — die Veneter, Wien. Editiones Veneti, 1988

  2. Jozko Šavli, Matej Bor, Ivan Tomazic, Veneti — naši davni predniki Ljubljana, Ed. Veneti, CGP Ve_er, 1989.

  3. Jozko Šavli, Slovenska drzava Karantanija, Koper, Lipa – Wien, Ed. Veneti – Ljubljana, Karantanija, 1990.

  4. Z Veneti v novi cas: odgovori, odmevi, obravnave: zbornik 1985-1990, Wien. Ed. Veneti, 1990; Etrušcani in Veneti: drugi venetski zbornik, ed. Ivan Tomazic, Wien, Ed. Veneti, 1995; Ivan Tomazic, Jozko Šavli, Matej Bor, Novo sporocilo knjige: Veneti naši davni predniki, Wien, Ed. Veneti, 1996.

  5. Bogo Grafenauer, Zgodovina slovenskega naroda, t. I, Ljubljana, Kmecka knjiga, 1954, p. 102–103.

  6. Francis Dvornik, Les Slaves: histoire et civilisation de l'antiquité aux débuts de l'époque moderne, Paris, Seuil, 1970, p. 22.

  7. Tomazic, Šavli, Bor, Novo sporocilo, op. cit. p. 5.

  8. Ibid., p. 13.

  9. Ibid., p. 55.

  10. Considered derogatory, the designation "Windisch" was replaced in Lusatia by "Sorbisch" which was considered more neutral. Cf. Gerald Stone, The smallest Slavonic nation, The Athlone Press of the University of London, 1972. On the other hand, after 1918, when the borders of Slovenia were drawn, the Austrians and the Hungarians attempted to introduce a distinction between the "Windisch" population of [southern Austria, Hungary, and] the north-east of Slovenia and the Slovenes proper. Cf. Tom Priestly, "Denial of Ethnic Identity", Slavic Review, vol. 55, 1966, num. 2, p. 364–398.

  11. Tomazic, Šavli, Bor, Novo sporocilo....op. cit. p. 62. the authors cite a very impressive number of names.

  12. Ibid., p. 16. The authors seem to be searching for a connection between the Veneti of central Europe and those of Armorica. But did they consider that the Breton language is Celtic? It is true however that the Vannetais dialect contains a large number of peculiarities.

  13. M. S. Beeler, The Venetic Language, Los Angeles, University of California Press, Berkeley. 1949. Michel Lejeune, Manuel de la langue vénète, Heidelberg, 1974. And Ateste à l'heure de la romanisation: étude anthroponymique, Florence, Leo S. Olschi, 1978.

  14. Šavli, Slovenska drzava Karantanija. op. cit., p. 93.

  15. Ibid., p. 161. Historians of languages go their own way, insisting on the fact that recently found documents prove that the nobility knew Slovenian, whereas usually it was considered that only the common people spoke Slovenian.

  16. Ibid., p. 194.

  17. Ibid., p. 248.

  18. "Certain people say that the Slavic language spread in Dalmatia only after 606, when Slavs arrived. This is not true [...], as has been proven by the place-names mentioned by the authors of antiquity. Thus, Livy talks of Bolazora, of Korita, of Grapsa, etc." (Quoted by V. Nikcevic in Z Veneti v novi cas, p. 43–44).

  19. Cf. for example Bogo Grafenauer, Kmecki upori, Ljubljana, 1962.

  20. Josip Gruden-Josip Mal, Zgodovina slovenskega naroda, published between 1910 and 1939 by Mohorjeva druzba. Re-published by the same publisher, Celje, 1992.

  21. For example, the work of Jera Vodušek-Staric, Prevzem oblasti, Ljubljana, Cankarjeva zalozba. 1992.

  22. The chief of the political police, M. Brejc, told the newspaper Nedeljski dnevnik after the Independence of the questions that the Venetic theory raised: "the authors (Šavli, Bor, Tomazic) consider the region of the Veneti from the Po plains to the marshes of Ljubljana to be more important for Slovenes than their ties to the Yugoslav people. Are we Slavs or Veneti? Do we belong to Yugoslavia? Are we part of the Balkans?" (Quoted in Etrušcani in Veneti..., op. cit., p. 214).

  23. Jozko Šavli. "To je Slovenija: njena zgodovina in kultura". Delo, num. 1, April 9, 1993.

  24. It is certain, there is a connection between this ceremony and the U.S. Constitution through Jean Bodin; cf. J. Felicijan, The Genesis of the Contractual Theory and the Installation of the Dukes of Carinthia, Cleveland, 1967.

  25. We have to mention that the historians of language do not contradict them to the degree that they insist more and more that the Slovenian language and culture were not passed on only by the peasant classes but also by the aristocracy and the middle classes.

  26. Pavel Diakon, Zgodovina Langobardov, Maribor, Obzorja, 1988.

  27. "Venetovanje", Arheo: Glasilo arheološkega društva Slovenije, 10. 1990.

  28. Andrej Pleterski, "Etnogeneza Slovencev", Delo, March 6, 1996.

  29. Šavli, Slovenska drzava Karantanija, op. cit., p. 32.

     
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